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Unit 4: International Cargo Transportation Insurance4 h( `! p, `$ n8 l
1. 标题: what is cargo insurance 我们要了解一些基本词汇和其用法:; p5 n! T$ m$ E; y/ _
1.1 insurer “保险人,承保人” (保险公司)
2 E- v G9 v# \# b+ r2 e- } 1.2 the insured “被保险人,投保人”, 注意:前面有 the, (买方或卖方)& A( M& V; s/ l. S# ^& l% n Q/ B) }
1.3 insure “投保,给…保险”, 动词
. x v% ?0 ^1 a- h( E 例如: We generally insure WPA on CIF sales.: e* C) y" ^) j9 U6 |6 I; g
译文: 按 CIF 价出售的货物,我们一般投保水渍险.$ N4 v ^& n& X; D4 [
注意: 注意介词的搭配 on CIF sales r$ G2 g7 b3 f+ ^2 c
再如: We have insured WPA and against War Risk at 110% of the 8 C. d, C3 F1 L; X2 O; W
invoice cost.
' I! d8 z$ o+ m% ^" s7 O 译文: 我们已按发票金额的110% 投保水渍险及战争险.2 D/ C X; P* P. |* v" t" A* V2 r5 D
注意: “发票金额的110% ”有三种常见说法,务必记熟:
% j' J% ^ }! u* ^: F (1) 110% of the invoice cost 或 110% of the invoice amount 或 - l: t3 r5 Z% _' r! r; m \
110% of the invoice value: d8 }- [) m+ p* w6 f; A8 ^
(2) the invoice cost / amount / value plus 10%+ Z6 g) K* _! q0 z4 n$ b
(3) 10% over / beyond the invoice cost
2 O+ Y" L: O0 p5 b" r2 f0 J- k6 q 1.4 insurance “保险”,名词% \; k4 v9 A7 q" \" R8 o
例如: We have covered the insurance on tablecloths against - d- c. ]# \. P/ j' b2 ?
All Risks for 110% of the invoice value with PICC.6 Y ] {% l6 ?$ F
译文: 我们已对台布按发票金额的110% 向中国人民保险公司投保一切险.
; ~; R0 I+ d6 G* d" Y* N* V 注意1: 记熟这个结构: cover … on … against … for … with …
4 q6 \! w: O% Y6 v) N8 E 注意2: 与动词的常见搭配: make insurance 或 effect insurance,0 Z% r9 ?6 N6 u- A
解释“投保”% F. a) B. u& Q! I, ^- D
例如: We will effect insurance against All Risks. r5 W2 a) [5 p$ I0 S+ n! @
注意3: 其他词汇
; B8 [3 i# ^1 N6 B# }- O- z (1) insurance fund 保险基金
+ R; ~: g: j* v5 K) A9 z (2) insurance company 保险公司4 O0 @( ^/ i9 z7 @4 E& ]' d
(3) insurance contract 保险合同8 b/ e! f+ P3 m8 E9 W
(4) insurance clauses 保险条款6 c- P8 _2 N8 a
(5) insurance period 保险期限& v. e+ o1 H0 @3 Q
(6) insurance agent 保险代理人( }3 M/ n; G" a a0 [
(7) insurance broker 保险经纪人* y& l* M! z5 C N2 a( r7 b) N
(8) insurance policy 保险单,俗称大保单,是一种正式的保险合同
4 c1 G7 l/ ^4 S1 h% ]4 N- i (9) insurance certificate 保险凭条,俗称小保单,是一种简化的保险合同
$ a% X5 G3 _- @8 @8 v, a7 g( [ (10) insurance amount 保险金额
/ ^/ c, c9 J: X& }+ Q: a6 v- j (11) insurance premium 保险费
, F8 l' y) [: ~" I5 ~4 `& O (12) full insurance 足额保险( a V7 Z+ i0 P; o, J
(13) marine insurance 海上保险
% N3 n0 u H; v) Z& A (14) cargo insurance 货物保险
( _4 v. e; L/ x+ R8 v. R- ] 1.5 policy “保险单, 保单”(保险业专门术语,同 insurance policy)% k8 ~6 t* Q2 K( ]) c' q, U& X
(1) validity of policy 保险单的有效期, J5 i2 v, P/ f$ t# v
(2) valued policy 定值保险单
3 H" @, X6 s q' Z" g (3) voyage policy 航次保险单
* e; C) m6 G/ }: m! W, ` 1.6 premium “保险费, 保费” (保险业专门术语, 同 insurance premium)
; N4 j/ _6 T. D8 \) U5 c (1) rate of premium 保险费率' r# Z( [1 f9 O- ]3 ~
(2) returns of premium 保险退费- x$ O) @3 T/ _, p+ e$ ]" j
1.7 coverage “保险范围,保险项目(险别)”& c" H- A& U' t. c# I/ u! i
例如: We will arrange coverage on your behalf. (代替你方投保)0 g1 Y+ ^) q2 N# M# C3 Y q
例如: The loss in question was beyond the coverage granted by us.
5 s2 ]. n* x1 L: I# [" Q* a' P) A (损失不在我们承保范围内)$ r0 Z/ a! M) L P, \
2. 句子: Insurance is essentially a contract between two parties, namely ( K8 t5 {4 M4 n% X
the insurer and the insured.句中:
1 s: e0 F& K' c* F9 ] f 2.1 essentially = necessarily “必要地” 副词
+ x8 i- U' k3 O+ X. m% ?7 u% p3 F q 副词的位置: 副词应尽量放在靠近它所修饰的词.方式副词的位置在句中大体有! Y$ a7 F" x! _9 i. ? N
以下几种情况:# W2 t* v7 m6 c- J
(1) 修饰形容词或其他副词时,副词通常放在它们的前面, enough 例外- {) e5 I- F* z) i8 a2 g- E
例如: The book is rather difficult for beginners.6 K0 C# c4 F( o- ~! U j4 O
例如: He speaks Chinese very fluently.; L7 o4 x/ E6 K G
(2) 修饰动词时,副词通常放在该动词或动宾结构的后面.
1 j2 ?: a6 j, \0 S. G: Z 例如: Eve left the room quietly.
M* B* ~7 u: f2 Q- a+ Q! w/ Y (3) 修饰整个句子时,副词放在句子前, 常常用逗号分开.
( M0 @( ~8 g y- n5 X 例如: Originally, a freight forwarder was a commission agent.; q4 H" X! a- i. D m
(4) 表示确定性程度的副词,如: certainly, obviously, definitely, clearly 等,4 n* _* g9 ^3 ~" T
如果动词是 be 动词,可以放于 be 动词之后, 这些词也可以放于句首
# m1 c' [7 Q& A# A2 Y1 ]: W: } 或句尾, 注意后两者位于句首的情况比较少见.; F3 c/ Z" p" g3 a' B
课文中的例子属于第四种情况.: X1 V% k0 \* S
2.2 namely = that is 解释“即,就是”
- k/ w/ o j- D$ {! ~& @( ?6 ^
: Y- Y" J+ s9 A3. 句子:
# f- {/ U4 m" H, l4 B The insurer agrees to meet the financial consequence of certain events, * Q/ g. U. X/ P1 g' g
within specified limits, that could befall the other party.$ M) O: d! A$ H! g7 L( g2 O
3.1 meet the financial consequence of certain events
0 M( ]$ q& [3 [: [' u* B x meet: 在商务范围里,常见的解释有:
! e% s, z, j& a& { (1) 负担 (责任,费用)
6 `2 o8 G$ q% q Q 例如: We would like to meet all expenses in connection with the
( y7 Q' r1 _# D u( ~ return of the goods. 4 L O5 W( i" ?3 S/ V4 o/ J: _7 ~
译文: 我们愿意承担退回该批货物的一切费用.' [+ _. o) A: n9 a l" W/ P c
(2) 满足 (需要), U4 J6 h* W, N: O
例如: The manufacturers find it impossible to meet the current
+ v3 p$ E$ E6 j) w7 O+ b demand / your request for this type. U( \3 f$ o2 C3 |3 c' Z; G1 a& _
注意: 横杠的字是经常可能会出现的字词.
4 E% ?; R0 `* N. b# i1 U! f 3.2 consequence 后果
1 D9 j4 i% P+ I7 x( T' D/ b7 f* ] 3.3 certain 某个,某种.0 ^/ i7 U+ M" e5 h- }
例如: for a certain reason (为了某种理由) o8 I6 Q! s" W, L' i- L7 w
例如: on certain conditions (附带某种条件)4 `! O/ m* ^7 R
3.4 within specified limits 在规定的范围内
6 `4 O" N/ j, J/ o, D 3.5 befall = happen 遭遇,发生(尤其是指不幸的事情)
% X3 U' z5 Q9 d% h7 m 3.6 本句的主旨是:“保险人承保货物保险以后,对于被保险货物在运输过程中
; ^8 O3 X/ @( u# c0 }8 N 发生的承保范围内的损失给予投保人一定的经济补偿.” # `( d. j5 Z+ S
字面的意思是:保险公司同意承担发生某些事件的经济后果, 只要这些事件
/ X3 t5 d6 c; N8 i2 v9 T 是在规定的范围之列, 而这些损失则发生在买方或卖方身上. 这和后文的
' b- N" }/ o3 r& h( V 保险公司要收取保费, 买方或卖方同意支付保费成立了因果关联.
. J9 T5 ^" A% ]' R% k( ?0 N" ~# e4. 句子:
# s2 r8 d' Q0 y* v" Z& o2 t The insured agrees to pay the premium, in order to secure the financial
7 J6 L% @' l. g: e+ Y; `) v assistance of the insurer for the risks specified in the contract.句中:
7 C9 X% y- _. H4 G* D9 t' k4 M secure = succeed in getting sth. (经过一番努力以后)获得,取得+ H1 U" Q. I+ X
; ^; e7 x7 w3 u: v# a- ~! h. d 进出口商甘愿支付保费的目的是:获得保险公司的经济援助, 保险公司根据合同中; m" a. s$ u5 {% O3 B. h
约定的具体风险的划分标准, 给予投保人一方补偿.
- _- t9 O+ i" I: Z0 M3 z& a5. 句子:
& U$ r! \6 L4 K8 o It is essentially a contract between an insurance company or an insurance
/ R; y4 k% }6 d broker and the owner of cargo or a representative acting on behalf of the
7 M' H! D- ]- y: [4 K6 Z% f owner.3 @% Y0 f1 y+ D& [1 G
我们把句子细拆就明白了:
/ \9 G# [5 [5 M, ~1 _ ^ (1) It is essentially a contract between an insurance company and the
. A9 R9 J$ x7 v owner of cargo.
! Y$ D9 K/ }: k" F/ G7 H6 U K 保险公司和货主之间订立的保险合同.% C) T- _, k) ?; U1 ^
(2) It is essentially a contract between an insurance company and a
X% ~2 P% m8 N representative acting on behalf of the owner. ! v2 O! ^5 j. H1 Z3 H3 v* J) Z
保险公司和货代之间订立的保险合同.
! W2 N: t% t1 [% W& M (3) It is essentially a contract between an insurance broker and the
1 |' A6 ?) q8 d, S9 n) j! z owner of cargo.
" z3 I3 ]9 A0 ^$ P% J 保险经纪人和货主之间订立的保险合同.$ N4 P% {/ G: i0 K
(4) It is essentially a contract between an insurance broker and a 8 |' x+ y$ M6 H
representative acting on behalf of the owner. I) m& D( g9 a+ F% G4 p. L
保险经纪人和货代之间订立的保险合同.
( b2 H6 u# \& ~; @& k, d& L. Y! c6. 句子:$ v- l. }) z# }7 m
In view of commercial risks faced by the cargo owner, it is prudent to
`, d- ^1 c$ ?2 ]: a# x, p insure the cargo in transit.
9 @) b; j. {2 z7 p, f0 [5 ^ 6.1 in view of 鉴于,由于 前半句的意思是: 鉴于货主面所将临到的种种商业风险,…2 c9 G: k) t. Y
6.2 prudent = careful 审慎的,三思而后行的
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7. 句子:- H g! F3 R5 W% p7 \& X* J8 }& [6 ^
It also follows that it becomes an important duty for a responsible
1 V/ n8 y/ q- B0 }2 O( V% o7 v and efficient freight forwarder to advise his clients to insure their cargo
2 b" y% X6 K5 `$ t. b) r+ u or to check with them if he has no such instructions or information I0 F: e% Z1 A
when he is handling goods.
9 |: T9 m" r) n' V) |6 K t 这是一句形式宾语的句子,所以,理解的关键在宾语上,我们把宾语简化成:9 v0 b7 C+ f. V0 v
it becomes an important duty to advise his clients to insure their cargo.1 H. ]+ h" J2 _ O" M& o* x/ E; j* ]
或者
& U1 n& S" x4 p9 z0 J# P it becomes an important duty to check with them if he has no such
* w- V$ G5 ~( i; m+ J' M, ^; T& x instructions or information when he is handling goods.# H1 ~1 R l ]; ^
7.14 F. {( L& I/ C9 F- H
it becomes an important duty to advise his clients to insure their cargo.
' s- ]0 E4 Z: Y% z: w5 x/ [% W = To advise his clients to insure their cargo becomes an important duty.* ~# w4 Q& B& V, f; O9 b
2 i9 X" I G1 t% C; j" I 意思是:通知他的客户(client)替他们的货物投保是一件很重要的职责.. y7 `2 e% @( {! i! l7 X, R
我们再补上for a responsible and efficient freight forwarder 一段,
2 y2 ?3 C% r$ w) B0 h# T% l 主语就出来了,即:& A& W4 z4 P1 W, Q
对于一个能干的(efficient)并有责任心的(responsible)货运代理来说,…,
& u9 U) B; B# w# I2 r0 e 同理,+ Q: {5 Z3 _7 |6 S+ l$ A; t
7.2 ( O2 L* Z/ [% O$ a$ J7 j0 I' ^# W
it becomes an important duty to check with them if he has no such
* I3 d# X8 L+ _ instructions or information when he is handling goods.
d3 A1 L9 Z8 z; r = To check with them if he has no such instructions or information , p! n! R! H! A' @
when he is handling goods becomes an important duty.9 ?3 y& y$ y* t8 s9 h, B
意思是:当处理货物的时候,如果没有收到客户投保的任何指示或消息的时候,* @! N& A, W0 C" K9 ]2 i
要及时告诉客户并与之核对情况.
) m R4 ]0 \4 M* S' g (1) check with them = check with his clients 与…核对' w, s( Y$ x9 I+ X' @
(2) handle的解释通常有:1 K5 n2 T3 _( v3 n' p, w8 z
① 处理,管理: He is handling this problem./ j: x8 R1 }2 r( n
② 买卖,经营: We handle spare parts for motor cars.( j* ~& ^9 f( [
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