Unit 2: Incoterms 2000 - Six Major Trade Terms
; y8 s( e2 S% m9 a+ }9 ]5 }/ [4 B1 ?FOB – FREE ON BOARD (…named port of shipment)
. H" R# Z/ Y0 A" f- G “Free on Board” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the
* @3 b5 y" ^8 s& B% Qship’s rail (越过船舷) at the named port of shipment (指定装运港). This means 7 \% D; C( B2 v: I* b
that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage (货物灭失及- A0 R4 p6 k4 R6 i5 e7 j
损坏的风险和费用) to the goods from that point. The FOB term requires the
. Q+ \4 x* U$ ]' c3 L" X" U1 P( Eseller to clear the goods for export (办理货物出口清关). This term can be used
! \+ t% P8 w/ ? sonly for sea or inland waterway transport (海洋或内河运输).
2 A6 G9 ?+ ~$ z10. 句子:) T ~4 r. m- L5 h
This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or
7 v1 f7 Q, O8 D damage to the goods from that point. 句中:7 [ T4 N4 r- N1 q3 z1 P4 C
10.1 bear = to support (a load or weight): 承担, 负担.8 H' n7 ~6 u3 F, P
10.2 from that point: Y+ I8 r7 Q5 y
在教材的 p17 注释10中, 我们还发现有这样一些词:# g4 J: D; y% b/ P5 R: d2 J( u8 N. t- F
port 港口
: e6 } T- H9 z3 ~. c place 地点' m; Z7 O( f4 Q3 |# O
point 点(INCOTERMS实指“具体地点”)
( D% f# N% `# @# ^8 ^+ m4 C; V premise 所在地(INCOTERMS实指“场所”), |3 \* @! ?/ `- c' R
说明:
, H% h- O: Q) `5 s' k, s2 | 关于货物应当交付的地点,进出口商对货物交付时责任、费用、风险划分) u3 {1 h4 `/ K% R
等,《通则》使用了不同的表述:& U2 M- J6 M7 H4 i+ Y( P
在仅适用海运和内河运输方式的术语时,使用“港口”名称,即 port;其他9 O) }$ [8 T9 O3 V
情况下的使用地点,即 place.尤其 FCA, 当有必要指明港口或地点内的
- Y: y% e' P1 z) G 某一“具体地点”时, 用 point, 而且卖方要提供交通工具.当交付货物的; Z0 f# h, J) E( c/ _6 [
具体地点是卖方的所在地时, 用 premise. 此时,卖方无义务提供交通
2 H z: A' b# k6 E( L) _# p 工具, 但卖方有装载货物的义务.
5 v! x6 R/ w9 l: l+ ~11. 句子: The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. 1 o1 P- F9 u% v/ g' g( _! O
require = order, demand “要求,规定”, 正式用语,常用被动语态, 常用的搭配有:( p: j- ^9 h3 @4 @+ ~" r: c' f3 h% S
require sth (of sb), 1 o% _, P a% y
require sb to do sth, ( u. X2 e& k5 W* A4 G$ l9 W t1 E
require that + 从句,
# P* j5 s! v# Z1 y/ d. ~* [12. 句子: This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. 句中:" Q* ?) s2 {6 u% E: J) \9 o' m6 J
12.1 inland 由前缀“-in”加 land 构成, 其中:/ N* r, W$ l; p# o. ?2 k- D
(1) -in = in or into (内,入内,在内). 再举一例: inside4 H) b5 h- U1 ^2 \" Q0 B
(2) inland 基本上有两个意思:
0 ~8 J& l% f( n/ ?9 N 内地的,内陆的. 例如: inland towns (内陆城市)
& `0 g! u x" d) O& g 国内的. 例如: inland trades (国内贸易)6 M% @' b' O: D5 T# E5 a! w, k& C3 ]/ G
12.2 waterway : 水路,航道,航路2 T, j5 E) F' I0 G* H# |
railway: 铁路,铁道
) A$ x2 n5 |3 S/ {# u roadway: 车道2 }0 o6 e! j* M6 \0 n3 Z+ e
highway: 公路,大道
/ {' G. S8 c) }& }5 {) ~ subway: 地铁,通道( v' N6 M, Y4 |- z$ }" ?' @6 I
airway: 航线
$ R5 q+ `2 ]$ \' T: j 从这些词中我们是不是发现一些规律了呢?$ D, Z9 T) _" y+ p/ p1 q# f; ~
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