Unit 1: Scope of Freight Forwarding Services, F* ~9 V& W) U( S7 `
Unless the consignor(发货人), the person sending goods, or the consignee(收货人), the person receiving goods, wants to attend to any of the procedural and2 O+ C( W1 P- a7 P8 N
documentary formalities himself, it is usually the freight forwarder who ' d& q) h- H; F2 I5 }8 U7 q. c2 U
undertakes on his behalf to process the movement of goods through the various4 m, B$ e$ U# _- D! T
stages involved. The freight forwarder may provide these services directly or
2 `0 ?2 F' P# j( [0 V4 B @1 wthrough subcontractors or other agencies employed by him. He is also expected & b4 r* }! j1 k. @2 o2 }0 |9 s& n
to utilize, in this connection, the services of his overseas agents. Briefly,
% u9 n! ~2 d2 M' Athese services are:
" W& Q9 ?3 \; ]$ | ; l E, F( X M
课文第三自然段, 以后不再出现课文内容.
$ r1 l4 I$ o7 r. v2 w& L/ D5 L6.1 unless 一句我们可以先简化成: % o3 E& V% N5 N1 N E
Unless the consignor wants to attend to formalities himself, … / k+ ~% j! U& b1 W6 s- f5 e3 w* P
= If the consignor does not attend to formalities himself, …0 [8 D. p3 f7 o2 s" L; U, T
6.1.1 只有当unless 解释成 “ 如果不 ” 的时候, 它才可以和 if not 互换句型. 8 S" G! B1 {4 Y5 O9 J* |( ?
因此, 我们不能随随便便地把 unless 翻译成 “除非” 或者 “如果不”
0 x/ D$ P1 ?: B: q% r 6.1.2 attend
( \) w8 }5 f, O% Q (1) 及物动词. 解释 “出席, 参加” 例如: attend a meeting ~# `$ Z/ e; P% o$ s/ l% \/ s D
(2) 不及物动词, 介词的固定搭配往往是 to. 解释 “注意, 专心, 专注”
$ K* y8 w0 J# i1 [6 C2 d# c5 S! N 例如: attend to one’s work
6 a- B2 J+ Z0 w6 E8 _- s8 T (3) 其名词形式. attention 例如: pay attention to2 i/ [' t+ v2 |6 J# v
(4) 其形容词形式. attentive 介词的搭配还是 to
. c& f0 r, i. n x, m 6.1.3 the procedural and documentary formalities
9 g1 t& F; z/ Y5 q& W$ l/ g6 P1 Y' c (1) the procedural formalities (程序上的手续)
, j1 a( J* f8 c procedural 形容词, “程序上的”
W0 V. f7 }1 A: I- e procedure 名词, “程序,步骤,过程” : g) F7 G" ~: n. e- C* |
(2) the documentary formalities (单证上的手续): _; M. N9 A9 _. ~2 o) T; o
documentary 形容词, “单证上的” 7 W0 I7 w; z! U* [( V( A
documentary 一词在金融、贸易领域用得比较多,
' v# f7 }7 i& [( N 例如: documentary draft (跟单汇票)$ D b8 g! |6 K4 ^
document 名词或动词, “单证, 为......提供单证” 3 _! [9 i' N3 d, B$ U% k
(3) formality (正式的手续, 通常用名词的复数形式表示)
6 M7 g) U. q3 e; I& y; }6 L: C' P the customs formalities (海关手续)
8 s/ z* T+ u# j3 u: {( c9 U go through due formalities (经过正式手续)2 e- V9 U/ b3 J. E% i0 M$ Q
句子中其他需要解释的地方还有:7 r: u( d& b$ L2 D" V' I
6.1.4 句末的himself 解释 “亲自”, 有强调主语或突出主语行为的作用. ; c1 A; H$ j z$ Z' D0 @8 ]- e* Q
我们可以这样理解: 如果发货人或收货人不想自己亲自去办理那些. _2 R9 N, _- h: Z; F3 T
繁杂手续的话…
, a) ]9 I. f* p1 J: b# _6.2 it is ...... 一句我们可以先简化成:
! g- G0 h' l5 q8 S! J N% P ... it is the freight forwarder who undertakes to process the movement
6 @$ Q% W# `) j3 e of goods...; q) Z5 C- t& `' b. t
. P& P: F, ]5 a, y5 L
6.2.1 it + be + 被强调成分 + that / who ...是强调结构% y4 V" [0 I: a- p ]# ?
所谓强调结构就是句子当中要特别强调 "被强调成分", 这里特别强调2 O3 m. x' X4 a' Y5 P- W* z( p+ O
the freight forwarder, 字面翻译也往往加上 “正是,就是”
& o6 J/ @- d! @9 v% G/ l4 Q* G) P 6.2.2 undertake to do sth. = agree to do sth. = promise sb sth.
3 W3 b$ ~! N4 u" j& |! Z; J) _, a7 ? 6.2.3 process 这里,我们和这个 process 打交道不是头一回了:# m8 q* Q3 n2 j
(1) process 名词. / G. S* {2 { G
process = series of operations deliberately unertaken
3 S6 e" [) G0 A; Q8 D 例如: distribution process
5 m/ R, F. D! F+ A* y (2) process 动词. n; |4 E& r7 ~) k
process = to prepare and examine in details" ?8 t* Q' x+ n# r$ A
例如: process the movement of goods9 x! m1 C, Z7 T: g
句子中其他需要解释的地方还有:
+ q3 \6 j! T ?1 W. ~# ^/ x$ A ... through the various stages involved.
6 s3 q; b1 [- f: z5 T* k+ y 6.2.4 the various stages = a different period / part in a course of action% X1 t8 {+ x2 f; q" ], g( ^4 C) w
6.2.5 involve 在做动词时有许多解释: h( l: Q* v# X3 l/ `
(1) 使...陷入,拖累
9 x6 m; S1 ~7 s2 _ (2) 包围,笼罩- P! K+ R9 \+ x: I! {
(3) 包括,包含,含有: 我以为第三个含义比较符合课文中的意思
* F& g, p: r! ?+ h8 c# W$ r1 _7. 句子: 0 ~$ x* a' z0 x# V
The freight forwarder may provide these services directly or through r$ z" T" E5 a# _# {+ f
subcontractors or other agencies employed by him. 在句子中:3 C. R, M# s$ b* x+ s* ~7 g
7.1 我们知道 contract 是合同的意思, 其:
- E: P' F( T! c2 Z' ^, g3 j1 q! [ 后缀 -or : 执行或做出...的人或物, contractor 是指订约人或承包人." X0 w# O' o2 w$ T0 ], J" c
前缀 sub- : sub- 也有很多意思
4 @8 D5 d/ b L; Y U1 ~* ^$ x 有"under" 的意思, 我们最熟悉的
6 o* L& Z3 F9 V submarine (潜水艇)
1 p q! U& G, W8 p* |- ~3 } subway(地铁)* Q% {: Z5 k4 R
有附属的、次要、分、支的意思, 如课文中的
& _( s+ G& ]7 _8 ] subcontract 分包合同, 转包合同(把承包的工作一部分或全部转包
4 o8 ?& Y; \) c9 ^( B6 N; D 给第三者而签订的合同)
$ c6 ^+ O ~) R9 ^. J subcontractor 承约人,转包商,次承包者, s) {9 Y+ B! F8 G
subagent 副代理人
2 c( Z: X! e! _! p- M5 h subcontinent 次大陆 8 r w' A a; y" U* r; [: E6 H- p
subsonic 亚音速8 j* G6 ~+ ~! g5 ^
subroutine 子程序
9 r( a: D- y6 o 7.2 关于这个 through :3 j0 u# |+ S# w* V4 M& P: \
前句中: ... through the various stages involved.
# ^8 N) X+ c) w( F1 N* |1 t$ v 这个 through = from the beginning to the end of ; q+ c4 A1 |$ x9 D
"自始至终"的意味浓烈 (尤指时间、过程)
4 j5 C& I: N0 v: q* b; y 本句中: ... through subcontractors or other agencies empolyed by him.
. q8 L# I* V" u7 k7 ]! O9 J& A 这个 through 是比较常见的用法,
4 u4 a& Y( o4 C- n3 p through = by means of / by way of (指方法、手段)
) g7 Z1 h- r) X" [* ~ through = as a result of, because of (指原因、理由)
7 y' H4 j% R. i- }8. 句子:
, ^1 z5 ^4 \4 @- U9 r4 J He is also expected to utilize, in this connection, the services of his - m( I; N) v0 B1 t/ H8 b) Q
overseas agents. 在句子中:( Z) p B- R9 V" C6 Q* m
8.1 utilize = make use of, find a use for 动词6 h$ t4 U3 k, J9 {2 y+ k
其名词有两个: utility (实用,效用) utilization (利用)
& i* f2 K" d, j9 P$ Y; V2 t* E4 w 其形容词: utilizable . j: h M' ]" c! B# R5 J
9. 句子: Briefly, these services are: 在句子中:
/ Q" Y/ V5 `/ S* d& `, r briefly = shortly, in a few words 是 "简略地说,简概地说" 的意思% Z/ X0 {' r: I% o, G9 ]# Q
|