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Unit 4: International Cargo Transportation Insurance4 O* k0 g/ \+ K9 T6 Y% ~
1. 标题: what is cargo insurance 我们要了解一些基本词汇和其用法:( N( ]7 V& I$ ]
1.1 insurer “保险人,承保人” (保险公司)6 h* E7 s* f) y( E: p
1.2 the insured “被保险人,投保人”, 注意:前面有 the, (买方或卖方)7 {9 w; K: [" E# h, V6 R. D: g
1.3 insure “投保,给…保险”, 动词* c8 C5 v3 M5 s- `: V) Y5 K9 N
例如: We generally insure WPA on CIF sales.
. @& l* t, ^4 g/ v 译文: 按 CIF 价出售的货物,我们一般投保水渍险.
' P" _& H( U# Z! r$ v 注意: 注意介词的搭配 on CIF sales3 R/ W0 S& Y. u9 U% s( C( d
再如: We have insured WPA and against War Risk at 110% of the ) @" @0 Q& B @4 ]; D9 T
invoice cost. T% t4 V9 G ^2 e+ Z* \0 r
译文: 我们已按发票金额的110% 投保水渍险及战争险.; I3 S( Y$ Y0 Y# J3 I
注意: “发票金额的110% ”有三种常见说法,务必记熟:1 y7 u7 N/ w2 G7 Z9 R4 \
(1) 110% of the invoice cost 或 110% of the invoice amount 或
6 X/ b" N( r0 @9 \0 t8 f 110% of the invoice value
" b3 q! e& v) Q- V$ X (2) the invoice cost / amount / value plus 10%! h/ M1 \8 H, ?' G4 ~4 H
(3) 10% over / beyond the invoice cost7 c$ r& o0 D6 o7 R ]& k5 P
1.4 insurance “保险”,名词
9 V9 V3 v0 ~" H 例如: We have covered the insurance on tablecloths against
+ i. p$ H8 U' f6 v. s1 y All Risks for 110% of the invoice value with PICC.
6 w8 Y+ L9 t d 译文: 我们已对台布按发票金额的110% 向中国人民保险公司投保一切险.2 w! V5 v" A; {- t7 Z, U
注意1: 记熟这个结构: cover … on … against … for … with …
! _% e3 j+ i! e' e% _' K+ F 注意2: 与动词的常见搭配: make insurance 或 effect insurance,7 C, i: U$ i/ I0 w* I7 _- u x
解释“投保”# C7 E+ Y. S9 [4 I2 }
例如: We will effect insurance against All Risks.4 u$ m/ ~) I: u: [, c+ j8 J
注意3: 其他词汇
]; A1 Z4 F" O$ ?7 L. Q& v (1) insurance fund 保险基金! o8 _- \" ]& W4 C, s+ `
(2) insurance company 保险公司+ }1 i/ o% o, ?% Y, q
(3) insurance contract 保险合同5 O) F* V ]7 ]+ g% f- p; V
(4) insurance clauses 保险条款
- B. o& ?' X6 s6 v9 v (5) insurance period 保险期限' t( X3 C* q8 j
(6) insurance agent 保险代理人
, O- w2 n" y6 r3 \% e s (7) insurance broker 保险经纪人4 [! [6 d# |( k, N
(8) insurance policy 保险单,俗称大保单,是一种正式的保险合同$ {; m& W3 f/ S& Z' B# t8 b W
(9) insurance certificate 保险凭条,俗称小保单,是一种简化的保险合同0 _+ d$ R- C/ J2 i7 U5 |7 e5 f
(10) insurance amount 保险金额
8 ^$ |1 D) m; ~6 O (11) insurance premium 保险费6 {3 m. C7 R( o! o9 a/ x
(12) full insurance 足额保险
6 o) m& t# m" I (13) marine insurance 海上保险
7 H- Q3 o- |4 t: B8 Q" o (14) cargo insurance 货物保险1 H3 x4 r2 R8 c* l8 A
1.5 policy “保险单, 保单”(保险业专门术语,同 insurance policy)
: h; a$ T+ Q$ @8 |- L0 @ (1) validity of policy 保险单的有效期* J. L- C. Q" w; x0 o' ^, A+ J( H
(2) valued policy 定值保险单
8 i( N! q, T0 O* g$ @' M- G (3) voyage policy 航次保险单
/ q* X3 A' n8 G# F. E* M: G6 n$ s/ x 1.6 premium “保险费, 保费” (保险业专门术语, 同 insurance premium)
) d @ @. v& e: L" p9 E (1) rate of premium 保险费率8 f: z+ j6 Y- S0 q! R' z) f/ l
(2) returns of premium 保险退费
$ D$ ?% }+ G. Q& U7 i Y6 d 1.7 coverage “保险范围,保险项目(险别)”
# V4 f" U2 U9 {' Q! K' m- p 例如: We will arrange coverage on your behalf. (代替你方投保)
- r6 `& R& p$ [# j C2 y% A- F 例如: The loss in question was beyond the coverage granted by us.
' a9 }: Y0 v# m5 z& r0 t# n0 K$ g (损失不在我们承保范围内)* g$ x9 m. y4 Z' X) ]2 s
2. 句子: Insurance is essentially a contract between two parties, namely
0 g. v# A+ ?2 {- Q8 l the insurer and the insured.句中:* D: J/ ^7 b) a, Q
2.1 essentially = necessarily “必要地” 副词& Z3 c+ K& E: @
副词的位置: 副词应尽量放在靠近它所修饰的词.方式副词的位置在句中大体有
7 I- G' p4 y0 K- x; |( _; M# ^ 以下几种情况:
6 m L) G% F2 e, B" _+ c) R$ c (1) 修饰形容词或其他副词时,副词通常放在它们的前面, enough 例外
' I; g$ c, `) N( F/ ^9 q 例如: The book is rather difficult for beginners.8 z) M% `9 _; L3 @6 i
例如: He speaks Chinese very fluently.
. b+ m3 w: h: j: n O (2) 修饰动词时,副词通常放在该动词或动宾结构的后面.4 ]: g" K+ p$ {% Q) q! F) K
例如: Eve left the room quietly.
4 {* X5 M$ K8 h (3) 修饰整个句子时,副词放在句子前, 常常用逗号分开.6 f5 W: L1 S: A
例如: Originally, a freight forwarder was a commission agent.- L L: \$ o l8 l- ^; v5 g
(4) 表示确定性程度的副词,如: certainly, obviously, definitely, clearly 等,
: q; D) U8 J& n6 L 如果动词是 be 动词,可以放于 be 动词之后, 这些词也可以放于句首
9 n h) t0 G; z* c4 Z 或句尾, 注意后两者位于句首的情况比较少见.
M# K; t1 Q0 \/ M 课文中的例子属于第四种情况.4 i- W0 @% V: r7 D& s
2.2 namely = that is 解释“即,就是”7 B/ M0 H* }/ ]8 s p3 |
* Z, B% o, t4 x! _1 d3. 句子: + _8 |$ R# a3 ?7 |7 {
The insurer agrees to meet the financial consequence of certain events, # e. n/ h& u# Z% f9 u/ f2 z3 \" _
within specified limits, that could befall the other party.
, S1 C% x5 Y+ C8 s" F 3.1 meet the financial consequence of certain events . f) j ^" t& x' P" l
meet: 在商务范围里,常见的解释有:
5 C8 ]" N: p$ k& {% m8 a (1) 负担 (责任,费用)* I& M2 S" m( e0 o) v
例如: We would like to meet all expenses in connection with the
& k3 \( [# g3 ~: y7 [ y return of the goods. 5 n) W' }2 x! k }( I/ {9 [
译文: 我们愿意承担退回该批货物的一切费用.
$ f5 D5 g; J6 _6 F9 O9 C6 h5 x (2) 满足 (需要)
, O. B; g. L% Y: P" z 例如: The manufacturers find it impossible to meet the current 0 B7 i2 n- w& r. h s7 b
demand / your request for this type.: C# T) y: \- W! ~( u
注意: 横杠的字是经常可能会出现的字词.
: {! [# @( j! t2 U$ s" w" @ 3.2 consequence 后果
. Z" ]& l; S$ z0 c: W1 J7 n" x( g 3.3 certain 某个,某种.! S e+ W' D! _* Z$ t) |
例如: for a certain reason (为了某种理由)$ a9 j _& `, h" l g, r7 B7 J3 h
例如: on certain conditions (附带某种条件)
, l* B7 j0 z$ c. i! V7 j5 S. M 3.4 within specified limits 在规定的范围内9 g: E- S5 @% t& D: G8 p
3.5 befall = happen 遭遇,发生(尤其是指不幸的事情)
: M! e& e/ T+ N: }# d! A 3.6 本句的主旨是:“保险人承保货物保险以后,对于被保险货物在运输过程中8 e5 Y( g) N) k$ K* w
发生的承保范围内的损失给予投保人一定的经济补偿.” 9 e. c- H) X" ~( k: V
字面的意思是:保险公司同意承担发生某些事件的经济后果, 只要这些事件
* T: Z: A) h: ^, I5 B- k) W+ Y' ~/ [ 是在规定的范围之列, 而这些损失则发生在买方或卖方身上. 这和后文的/ `- K5 G1 T+ x$ p5 u; \
保险公司要收取保费, 买方或卖方同意支付保费成立了因果关联.
* ]4 D" i% S8 t i4. 句子:
8 {# ^4 l+ H4 i- n |. D The insured agrees to pay the premium, in order to secure the financial
& |1 f/ t9 h! t% w- o- M assistance of the insurer for the risks specified in the contract.句中:
' o% E0 {' N) T5 w. S2 t secure = succeed in getting sth. (经过一番努力以后)获得,取得
* \$ ~% _, @/ `- k ) ]9 v! C, `0 v
进出口商甘愿支付保费的目的是:获得保险公司的经济援助, 保险公司根据合同中: D+ ~2 f0 c9 Z8 J' E8 m
约定的具体风险的划分标准, 给予投保人一方补偿.
; _0 F$ n8 { F( ?* `% d4 L1 Q) _# @' I5. 句子: 9 e: q* O/ ^: H1 a1 y! e1 ^( J
It is essentially a contract between an insurance company or an insurance 8 B* B! t' Z/ Q) \$ Y) _8 P
broker and the owner of cargo or a representative acting on behalf of the
6 U& H$ s! l% k' j owner.! |6 ^8 C+ P; d/ b F" i' n% O
我们把句子细拆就明白了:5 n/ R V9 A: D6 p# p6 g" v
(1) It is essentially a contract between an insurance company and the
6 W$ _% j6 C3 d% t/ |+ P owner of cargo.
/ g2 c* u/ w- |4 O$ x 保险公司和货主之间订立的保险合同.
% p: o( l3 R; G (2) It is essentially a contract between an insurance company and a % `/ y2 J$ N! P1 Z9 V) v8 i
representative acting on behalf of the owner.
, J) ^7 ?& t5 S 保险公司和货代之间订立的保险合同.5 b9 `' z" {: {) `- j, d
(3) It is essentially a contract between an insurance broker and the
$ K h/ D' q+ z/ f7 M( L2 O owner of cargo.
7 y/ x" D/ Y) n/ Q8 R( e 保险经纪人和货主之间订立的保险合同.
6 j) U& U/ Q# z+ s# T; g (4) It is essentially a contract between an insurance broker and a
7 w4 A5 _# ~, ^2 [" Z7 q representative acting on behalf of the owner. 0 }4 F, t# V2 D5 p
保险经纪人和货代之间订立的保险合同.: z. X$ \: O3 C
6. 句子:
$ h: z& ^# s2 d6 A; F# L* _ In view of commercial risks faced by the cargo owner, it is prudent to : \: \ i1 Q- L5 A b. S- A: K
insure the cargo in transit./ T' M0 b9 a( m( `0 }
6.1 in view of 鉴于,由于 前半句的意思是: 鉴于货主面所将临到的种种商业风险,…' u+ ^, x8 p; `) F1 B9 C( ?3 @
6.2 prudent = careful 审慎的,三思而后行的
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7 B5 f r/ E% F7. 句子:
6 n% q/ N4 \. [5 r% O8 S7 { It also follows that it becomes an important duty for a responsible
* y7 W6 t! z t) ` and efficient freight forwarder to advise his clients to insure their cargo ) g& j% s5 P4 K# W( b
or to check with them if he has no such instructions or information
, F. h' ~8 \. s9 z) S: K8 K$ K0 ^% _ when he is handling goods. * V* Q1 q) h: F6 K' {$ l# w
这是一句形式宾语的句子,所以,理解的关键在宾语上,我们把宾语简化成:
/ l$ K3 i- C% ]* H7 E; u3 B/ ~% N it becomes an important duty to advise his clients to insure their cargo.( K* X) } ^8 U7 G V# a
或者 / P3 u7 G7 N( k% a/ e
it becomes an important duty to check with them if he has no such 5 y" m2 v6 i5 S7 s, C& @$ W
instructions or information when he is handling goods.; O7 c6 P2 y% N' x8 t4 `
7.1
' E& c2 X9 [$ p' F4 p/ t1 @ it becomes an important duty to advise his clients to insure their cargo.% C0 Z1 ?: v& ~& P( G1 K. y
= To advise his clients to insure their cargo becomes an important duty.
9 o. [& e% a/ [' p( F/ k+ \+ c ! _8 i3 A% t& @8 o, I& T$ K
意思是:通知他的客户(client)替他们的货物投保是一件很重要的职责.
0 j2 O c# l- F& P# Q5 N% H, [9 H {1 x 我们再补上for a responsible and efficient freight forwarder 一段,
% m8 |6 Q- Z5 g3 |! A 主语就出来了,即:
, y0 D* \" L- R, t% R 对于一个能干的(efficient)并有责任心的(responsible)货运代理来说,…,
# {) W$ W4 `/ _! n9 T! l2 Q. Y: C1 u 同理,
- e* d4 h/ ^7 ^7 ` 7.2 8 S5 ^( @( A! v$ M$ q) k: @* a
it becomes an important duty to check with them if he has no such
( ^* F6 R5 v! J1 ` instructions or information when he is handling goods.
& n1 k" P1 P$ [, ^1 i; W& I0 s = To check with them if he has no such instructions or information Q9 u9 M5 I$ r9 {
when he is handling goods becomes an important duty.
5 a! B3 P1 U* G& M8 C/ W, T6 i 意思是:当处理货物的时候,如果没有收到客户投保的任何指示或消息的时候,
0 y- w2 p% k* g- k) [8 r 要及时告诉客户并与之核对情况.
/ _- ?& V; L3 m5 F (1) check with them = check with his clients 与…核对
0 T/ D. k/ \" r (2) handle的解释通常有:; F4 _, I- q: \- ?! y6 \- ?
① 处理,管理: He is handling this problem.
7 W6 M7 u& ~( B6 w ② 买卖,经营: We handle spare parts for motor cars.8 O3 y3 ]) i/ y' H2 K) |
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