Unit 2: Incoterms 2000 - Six Major Trade Terms
% h$ O! [& z, P. S1 \/ rFOB – FREE ON BOARD (…named port of shipment)
5 H. ^2 P/ A5 v0 o# d' B0 u; @6 | “Free on Board” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the . T; `4 D$ Z+ D7 d) h. z
ship’s rail (越过船舷) at the named port of shipment (指定装运港). This means * C$ W2 E1 Y0 a- M7 H' r3 A4 W
that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage (货物灭失及. A4 {3 Z7 }* H- D
损坏的风险和费用) to the goods from that point. The FOB term requires the 6 D" T2 `" w0 q2 a* m$ X
seller to clear the goods for export (办理货物出口清关). This term can be used 1 s, @' I$ H T! y6 X
only for sea or inland waterway transport (海洋或内河运输).
5 e4 ], x- v( M, F10. 句子:
0 c, g: H: L' j* j9 F) g This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or
0 M" ^% U$ k6 T0 z3 i+ ] damage to the goods from that point. 句中:! |! w/ r4 q9 ?' k: V9 g, L
10.1 bear = to support (a load or weight): 承担, 负担.7 |( t; R, e- a3 s
10.2 from that point' r; D8 j6 P/ [% n$ ~
在教材的 p17 注释10中, 我们还发现有这样一些词:
( t- Z' u/ J3 c/ B- d- s! J port 港口
$ H: r6 Y* q5 \4 ^* } place 地点
+ S% A( `, `3 c' W0 D point 点(INCOTERMS实指“具体地点”)# n) V$ |1 N- V3 v8 h4 q' ^4 V" v
premise 所在地(INCOTERMS实指“场所”)
- f$ z3 y! E$ g& G$ V 说明: * j" F+ j3 S& R/ H9 l
关于货物应当交付的地点,进出口商对货物交付时责任、费用、风险划分
7 c1 ^6 }7 h: ^ 等,《通则》使用了不同的表述:
. E9 R0 j$ e: [0 I! O& K1 e: D& h2 | 在仅适用海运和内河运输方式的术语时,使用“港口”名称,即 port;其他
; k# S; r8 k) n/ l 情况下的使用地点,即 place.尤其 FCA, 当有必要指明港口或地点内的
9 {3 S- ]! m1 G7 } 某一“具体地点”时, 用 point, 而且卖方要提供交通工具.当交付货物的# ?5 U3 a, \- O. o
具体地点是卖方的所在地时, 用 premise. 此时,卖方无义务提供交通
: q% U7 x4 U: F" F P2 r 工具, 但卖方有装载货物的义务.
8 Y6 x$ V8 ^" P7 M11. 句子: The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. , a/ z Y+ q& Z9 z/ y. I
require = order, demand “要求,规定”, 正式用语,常用被动语态, 常用的搭配有:
7 S. o$ J& X1 }8 S& m+ c" [2 p2 U! i require sth (of sb), # t8 A2 |8 C4 z6 n4 O- C! b7 q
require sb to do sth, _$ s0 S; d* h; `3 R3 d
require that + 从句, ( O8 [/ t( J+ m3 M- x6 w7 n
12. 句子: This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. 句中:
1 w' }$ P- p3 s3 W4 }* e* f 12.1 inland 由前缀“-in”加 land 构成, 其中:9 D4 y5 x9 W' y; d) r: ~
(1) -in = in or into (内,入内,在内). 再举一例: inside
9 S& P# [/ u; e. o3 Q (2) inland 基本上有两个意思:5 X, W" Q% L% k: C; x' [5 N* @
内地的,内陆的. 例如: inland towns (内陆城市)+ \0 u. z2 h9 |( W
国内的. 例如: inland trades (国内贸易)- |: J: R% K! ]4 j9 ]3 N3 _
12.2 waterway : 水路,航道,航路9 @/ c6 t. \: _# Z- V( S" u: }; p* f8 n
railway: 铁路,铁道
) S' R) g/ t; M M0 Q8 b3 M roadway: 车道
2 J; ^0 l* B5 N highway: 公路,大道) p0 P# g/ |, s
subway: 地铁,通道) W' p ?: m$ q M1 b
airway: 航线
6 M6 @+ z+ @3 J3 r7 [) x. u/ K 从这些词中我们是不是发现一些规律了呢?+ O8 J5 v" h6 j) I/ v3 k6 z' U
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