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Unit 4: International Cargo Transportation Insurance! L) G/ z) U8 o/ F. D9 p
1. 标题: what is cargo insurance 我们要了解一些基本词汇和其用法:% [" c) H" j/ t
1.1 insurer “保险人,承保人” (保险公司)0 ^# ]. U4 w( t2 \2 v8 j( Y
1.2 the insured “被保险人,投保人”, 注意:前面有 the, (买方或卖方)
7 b4 x! K2 a$ `+ Q/ q8 k4 R 1.3 insure “投保,给…保险”, 动词0 }# ~6 v; o% g2 }/ j- Y$ m0 F5 ~
例如: We generally insure WPA on CIF sales.
& R- t+ P! B! h9 t# w2 f 译文: 按 CIF 价出售的货物,我们一般投保水渍险.4 N$ s; r }% i) ?0 {3 ^& l
注意: 注意介词的搭配 on CIF sales% H1 Q3 N$ d3 l# y0 j
再如: We have insured WPA and against War Risk at 110% of the " ^- s; H( |( l0 |( c
invoice cost., Q5 B7 f8 S( g& L& Z
译文: 我们已按发票金额的110% 投保水渍险及战争险., n( ` `( Z; h, R3 A# C
注意: “发票金额的110% ”有三种常见说法,务必记熟:
6 ^: c5 L3 S' |9 f7 o) Q0 | (1) 110% of the invoice cost 或 110% of the invoice amount 或
4 e7 O) l7 w! [6 I. L+ O7 o1 J 110% of the invoice value
9 m$ F8 D' v4 @, y( r3 m4 M* U (2) the invoice cost / amount / value plus 10%1 h5 I& E, W- Y; l
(3) 10% over / beyond the invoice cost
9 i- O0 K9 Y7 N+ j0 Q 1.4 insurance “保险”,名词/ a. B5 R* k0 L0 o
例如: We have covered the insurance on tablecloths against 6 L* r) g4 B* P: `' n3 i
All Risks for 110% of the invoice value with PICC., L3 q; w+ n- p# D/ q9 b
译文: 我们已对台布按发票金额的110% 向中国人民保险公司投保一切险.
: M. I6 b, Z7 {7 _ s- Z: r" o 注意1: 记熟这个结构: cover … on … against … for … with …( \6 P7 S# P4 x
注意2: 与动词的常见搭配: make insurance 或 effect insurance,
R. U$ O2 ?" n- q3 E) B 解释“投保”
9 o6 b# n! S) e$ y3 H 例如: We will effect insurance against All Risks." R2 {' @# s% ^9 K9 R
注意3: 其他词汇3 \6 e3 P3 b$ H3 t% E
(1) insurance fund 保险基金 W) z2 Z$ ?6 d& P2 H! t
(2) insurance company 保险公司% ~4 Q, N8 O' a) e3 y
(3) insurance contract 保险合同
& i1 @' E- y7 |4 I9 Z ~ (4) insurance clauses 保险条款
* E- x( d1 t6 u (5) insurance period 保险期限
0 _! C# o6 U% F4 W (6) insurance agent 保险代理人" Y" I: |; s& X+ @4 o9 L( g
(7) insurance broker 保险经纪人. U: A X' f0 z. I* _/ y" t8 n7 g" _
(8) insurance policy 保险单,俗称大保单,是一种正式的保险合同/ e; r! |4 t Z/ d% F$ s. q" `
(9) insurance certificate 保险凭条,俗称小保单,是一种简化的保险合同: d( s2 [# ^( X4 s( s1 Z- m
(10) insurance amount 保险金额" {* {* S' H" h- v5 F& z0 s) j( d( a
(11) insurance premium 保险费
6 y6 [" `1 S8 G4 }+ [+ V. d$ i# R (12) full insurance 足额保险
- F% L- {! D$ A( a0 r% | (13) marine insurance 海上保险
7 P, M3 Y9 k3 }+ L6 ~, ~* W (14) cargo insurance 货物保险; ?% h/ l* v/ O$ W" t" }
1.5 policy “保险单, 保单”(保险业专门术语,同 insurance policy)
1 |5 ?9 n1 ?2 A/ I% A/ n, B (1) validity of policy 保险单的有效期. S: ?) O. ^. I% p0 P1 A! N* y
(2) valued policy 定值保险单
7 P2 P) G6 g8 v( H2 i6 \1 j (3) voyage policy 航次保险单9 s% J6 ^" M( v2 i5 T3 d' F
1.6 premium “保险费, 保费” (保险业专门术语, 同 insurance premium)
! Z* |8 G# E( h; G (1) rate of premium 保险费率6 b( b3 k6 `* s9 V. j% T
(2) returns of premium 保险退费
3 }( f1 D+ L6 c* k 1.7 coverage “保险范围,保险项目(险别)”
; X) S7 @" K* |) C/ `5 h 例如: We will arrange coverage on your behalf. (代替你方投保)
^7 g9 k' v8 V3 P% |, @ 例如: The loss in question was beyond the coverage granted by us. Z3 p" _9 ^- M8 ]- ?" V4 O
(损失不在我们承保范围内)
, _, C2 a: t- g7 |/ D/ N2. 句子: Insurance is essentially a contract between two parties, namely
/ U4 {) r+ s3 M+ A. [ the insurer and the insured.句中:. Y- x3 M. ?1 _* `$ {" d* Z
2.1 essentially = necessarily “必要地” 副词
+ H; X+ }- {, i. A& F- {) ]- f 副词的位置: 副词应尽量放在靠近它所修饰的词.方式副词的位置在句中大体有
( P8 p3 I6 v/ S/ R& ^$ B 以下几种情况:' ]) I% R+ H9 u% z( n/ C
(1) 修饰形容词或其他副词时,副词通常放在它们的前面, enough 例外) a5 Y0 o& f2 W C* w: i
例如: The book is rather difficult for beginners.( A/ N/ Y5 I/ z1 N5 I: v: r2 Z
例如: He speaks Chinese very fluently.6 d f3 @" }: R2 s, ~: |
(2) 修饰动词时,副词通常放在该动词或动宾结构的后面.
9 x5 D. K0 F4 h# h8 s 例如: Eve left the room quietly.
% d6 P: _% Y2 P5 k (3) 修饰整个句子时,副词放在句子前, 常常用逗号分开.7 Y# B; T7 z- M
例如: Originally, a freight forwarder was a commission agent.
- d6 `( P& Q) Z) \5 G8 i7 l (4) 表示确定性程度的副词,如: certainly, obviously, definitely, clearly 等,$ @- u& D0 e* Q
如果动词是 be 动词,可以放于 be 动词之后, 这些词也可以放于句首
/ i g/ D; {% i' b& }% T 或句尾, 注意后两者位于句首的情况比较少见.: t, d6 S7 D9 z# a
课文中的例子属于第四种情况.
8 ?. t8 Y) D. o/ Z( S2 f 2.2 namely = that is 解释“即,就是”) B, u* z9 m" s, k7 `$ r6 B
- ~0 x% B* P$ o0 z3. 句子:
# K4 P! N T" D% v9 B$ ^% s" m" r( u The insurer agrees to meet the financial consequence of certain events,
# M( Y! m" g5 x h; W1 r within specified limits, that could befall the other party.
3 U& x. S1 G$ d$ M# O! ~ 3.1 meet the financial consequence of certain events 8 K9 J+ ?$ Y. [' u- Z) A. T1 l9 W
meet: 在商务范围里,常见的解释有:; w4 _) T6 a2 _3 |; d4 @- d( r7 B
(1) 负担 (责任,费用)
; _6 X, S# ?) u f3 X; m 例如: We would like to meet all expenses in connection with the % Y2 j. I/ k2 E" w* F1 X3 q
return of the goods. ' v6 t, a7 @# ? p3 M Z
译文: 我们愿意承担退回该批货物的一切费用.
5 }5 s. X% M% P" S3 z (2) 满足 (需要)
7 O. W, b+ ~8 e# F% N9 N 例如: The manufacturers find it impossible to meet the current
2 v7 _8 {& E [' [7 M) l$ ` demand / your request for this type.9 p; ^! X% C1 H, V1 Y6 [
注意: 横杠的字是经常可能会出现的字词. V0 [+ k3 ^6 o P# {- j3 a
3.2 consequence 后果, {9 f% x4 Q* h" _( ?0 S
3.3 certain 某个,某种.
7 `* E: [% l; Z9 W+ y" G5 g3 }3 t 例如: for a certain reason (为了某种理由)
+ ^! e$ d; _( P, Z4 L# G 例如: on certain conditions (附带某种条件)- }1 i8 g0 {) Z% u
3.4 within specified limits 在规定的范围内
* b( s* h/ f0 l( I3 }% l 3.5 befall = happen 遭遇,发生(尤其是指不幸的事情)
. Y& p: }4 _, f: y! V5 c6 d# g- p; W 3.6 本句的主旨是:“保险人承保货物保险以后,对于被保险货物在运输过程中
5 F" b. k' E3 R/ X# h 发生的承保范围内的损失给予投保人一定的经济补偿.” , t4 o- E7 j7 c9 o# f( P
字面的意思是:保险公司同意承担发生某些事件的经济后果, 只要这些事件
" x/ v5 M0 E( U/ o3 e: C% m: h( w 是在规定的范围之列, 而这些损失则发生在买方或卖方身上. 这和后文的
( q8 g4 G" v2 g! O. h0 T 保险公司要收取保费, 买方或卖方同意支付保费成立了因果关联.
3 M b) [0 a" P/ q1 k/ k# E4. 句子:" x7 I' {) W$ c9 _! [" q; x
The insured agrees to pay the premium, in order to secure the financial # A! C. N B- y4 z# l9 a4 H
assistance of the insurer for the risks specified in the contract.句中:1 R# O2 T, G/ }/ R/ W! z. M, h
secure = succeed in getting sth. (经过一番努力以后)获得,取得
. H- X+ A: ]2 A0 O6 q * u9 L2 _6 Y' o, g6 t: b
进出口商甘愿支付保费的目的是:获得保险公司的经济援助, 保险公司根据合同中1 k1 c( M: {% s9 E
约定的具体风险的划分标准, 给予投保人一方补偿.
% V f3 b+ @7 ]; B8 [& e5. 句子:
& [: N, r$ F) ? It is essentially a contract between an insurance company or an insurance : V0 ~8 j8 Z/ G' U. C9 e$ V" A
broker and the owner of cargo or a representative acting on behalf of the " P; j2 U# e- P3 V0 @2 `6 n
owner.& c, t6 n Q2 f1 @; X h
我们把句子细拆就明白了:
M9 D4 C+ x2 U/ |# C (1) It is essentially a contract between an insurance company and the 1 n9 J5 O/ K0 m- S: A% {
owner of cargo.
. T0 a! v! `" r% {8 b& c' I2 u. f 保险公司和货主之间订立的保险合同.
) m3 }4 ?+ k. ? (2) It is essentially a contract between an insurance company and a 8 u* p8 z/ R- O; d6 ^5 f( V& E
representative acting on behalf of the owner.
8 S1 ]2 w3 ^1 ^6 n 保险公司和货代之间订立的保险合同.
; V% I+ U7 A' f/ }8 ~ (3) It is essentially a contract between an insurance broker and the
2 ~1 g2 b( ?: f. T owner of cargo. * u0 p$ ~; L, k5 R w3 j
保险经纪人和货主之间订立的保险合同.
2 @. Y) u' k9 m& P+ M V (4) It is essentially a contract between an insurance broker and a
& c1 V6 G3 D( Q+ ~ representative acting on behalf of the owner.
+ {' Q! `% f6 t6 g4 V; _' e, ] 保险经纪人和货代之间订立的保险合同.) ~, ?% L9 u& P
6. 句子:
5 d8 F1 k2 h" P h In view of commercial risks faced by the cargo owner, it is prudent to
9 i( L% _2 ?5 s/ Q: f insure the cargo in transit.& a+ w% U/ u4 i8 S9 R
6.1 in view of 鉴于,由于 前半句的意思是: 鉴于货主面所将临到的种种商业风险,…
: ~; n0 r5 L5 {' U5 w; l6 T$ C) P 6.2 prudent = careful 审慎的,三思而后行的0 |3 t" |& G+ t/ G0 l7 \1 |
7 b$ G' \" n; K( b# W
7. 句子:
6 w j" Z$ R! |9 M It also follows that it becomes an important duty for a responsible 9 k9 e5 }, A, q9 d' C0 K1 \& h( [
and efficient freight forwarder to advise his clients to insure their cargo
6 ~4 D( T2 m+ F5 w6 | or to check with them if he has no such instructions or information 4 J( I( i3 n6 }+ a6 v* M& j9 R, o
when he is handling goods. ! @) R% ]' r4 s, w# E& ~8 i+ u
这是一句形式宾语的句子,所以,理解的关键在宾语上,我们把宾语简化成:
9 r: d- {, E" R; r) Q it becomes an important duty to advise his clients to insure their cargo.. C& |% {( k$ o
或者
) Q" e: c2 A3 U) G& { it becomes an important duty to check with them if he has no such
) m- R, ~ }$ ?2 v* B8 A instructions or information when he is handling goods.
+ K- W, m0 k! f3 I 7.1
9 N6 U% G1 P7 I7 i B" a it becomes an important duty to advise his clients to insure their cargo., N- F8 {" R3 K9 _' E
= To advise his clients to insure their cargo becomes an important duty.: w( Y) ]( `( {+ t5 v. K2 y
" R& l! \' z( |: n 意思是:通知他的客户(client)替他们的货物投保是一件很重要的职责.
0 A: w' r$ k6 U- u1 f' Z3 A. R v& { 我们再补上for a responsible and efficient freight forwarder 一段,
2 r8 X( h# Y& r5 B1 Y8 O% w 主语就出来了,即:
L/ M; E# r$ e4 }0 W 对于一个能干的(efficient)并有责任心的(responsible)货运代理来说,…, # Z" M& O( v8 n/ h8 t; T0 ^
同理,
1 u( ] j6 @( p5 m) q 7.2
% H3 G, C1 X- U3 D it becomes an important duty to check with them if he has no such ) S1 m* A7 F' S; t7 g
instructions or information when he is handling goods. 7 Z# s) {0 k L2 f2 R% a+ f
= To check with them if he has no such instructions or information & ^) J( D- v8 z) p0 X, F$ ^! e" a
when he is handling goods becomes an important duty.
/ P) i& S# s) u) _% P3 P 意思是:当处理货物的时候,如果没有收到客户投保的任何指示或消息的时候,. v3 B! ]% m4 P3 @- |9 F% {
要及时告诉客户并与之核对情况.* c a7 l* D# N' g1 G
(1) check with them = check with his clients 与…核对* v2 I7 V2 m' l0 t% W, o* G
(2) handle的解释通常有:
; p7 w* d$ {; W$ b, d# _ ① 处理,管理: He is handling this problem.
& _/ z7 L. l5 p3 \$ b" H ② 买卖,经营: We handle spare parts for motor cars./ [' Z. K+ q' }8 l; P) x
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