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Unit 4: International Cargo Transportation Insurance* M9 U" a% V6 `7 O* ^2 x' S
1. 标题: what is cargo insurance 我们要了解一些基本词汇和其用法:
( _0 u9 t) J! {2 a2 S 1.1 insurer “保险人,承保人” (保险公司)! p+ f, S. O5 e" F! A
1.2 the insured “被保险人,投保人”, 注意:前面有 the, (买方或卖方)- K9 ^% y' j D0 R' y
1.3 insure “投保,给…保险”, 动词
0 ?7 Q4 P0 ]2 R3 ~& H; Z 例如: We generally insure WPA on CIF sales.
. a! s" M% a6 t- C) s 译文: 按 CIF 价出售的货物,我们一般投保水渍险.
2 [# q, z2 H& o 注意: 注意介词的搭配 on CIF sales
5 {2 L, a; p! h: A$ e 再如: We have insured WPA and against War Risk at 110% of the ) ^. \# j- p7 U& t, D( q
invoice cost.
0 X8 L/ a1 @7 @" F 译文: 我们已按发票金额的110% 投保水渍险及战争险.+ B7 k' D7 y' W ~+ Y
注意: “发票金额的110% ”有三种常见说法,务必记熟:
" }; L% R5 j+ h (1) 110% of the invoice cost 或 110% of the invoice amount 或
# r2 i3 w5 ^8 t" y; A" F5 n 110% of the invoice value; ]$ E3 X+ _- ^7 _4 s5 d
(2) the invoice cost / amount / value plus 10%$ M+ ?9 l6 \1 r
(3) 10% over / beyond the invoice cost
9 s% \+ ~( ?2 i% } 1.4 insurance “保险”,名词9 a! b% j5 G$ d4 Q7 v+ s" Q
例如: We have covered the insurance on tablecloths against : p( d, G+ v+ J- j5 g. m* v6 X, g
All Risks for 110% of the invoice value with PICC.3 S$ h0 O5 ~9 N9 Q6 t' k4 O
译文: 我们已对台布按发票金额的110% 向中国人民保险公司投保一切险., [8 E% ]/ w, Z/ Y; \7 Z1 O* e2 V
注意1: 记熟这个结构: cover … on … against … for … with …6 {# s3 M$ F' ?) s5 [+ Y4 x$ M
注意2: 与动词的常见搭配: make insurance 或 effect insurance,
S6 G5 A* ?1 \2 K 解释“投保”$ i k. Y7 \) ]9 [
例如: We will effect insurance against All Risks.: J( j) S* W5 c( B: b$ y
注意3: 其他词汇. g3 f! H6 \0 V# _
(1) insurance fund 保险基金: d: G' a1 u5 d' ?; D( D( y1 h
(2) insurance company 保险公司
& M) \$ E" `! x (3) insurance contract 保险合同: g/ b8 b; o4 j+ O2 Q- v
(4) insurance clauses 保险条款9 K6 h5 D5 J& K! h
(5) insurance period 保险期限% G z5 N N6 Y3 `
(6) insurance agent 保险代理人
6 w2 x' ~, B/ E& L1 e p6 k+ ] (7) insurance broker 保险经纪人
' p# k2 L% H! D( l' b: Y6 w (8) insurance policy 保险单,俗称大保单,是一种正式的保险合同! F" E) A0 A" x# d
(9) insurance certificate 保险凭条,俗称小保单,是一种简化的保险合同9 E* c5 J2 D$ d5 L) V( j4 D
(10) insurance amount 保险金额
4 }/ d% B" L' d8 W9 O (11) insurance premium 保险费, f. Q, ]% ?) G( n8 Q4 @# [
(12) full insurance 足额保险
1 m- X0 e8 c7 X& a1 w (13) marine insurance 海上保险
# {) p3 Y! B x9 E: t9 e- L1 C) k (14) cargo insurance 货物保险5 |- j8 l b0 o6 Q
1.5 policy “保险单, 保单”(保险业专门术语,同 insurance policy)
: r- J9 H! X: D. A (1) validity of policy 保险单的有效期. l! V/ L% N5 a; T7 h7 |' h
(2) valued policy 定值保险单" w! c& `/ ~) N6 q
(3) voyage policy 航次保险单
$ b9 E/ d: p# h. l4 k! \2 j; Z 1.6 premium “保险费, 保费” (保险业专门术语, 同 insurance premium)' B! T0 u. _4 Y$ G- U* [
(1) rate of premium 保险费率
2 C) W( a8 l/ E3 ?% P- I (2) returns of premium 保险退费" n8 ~" V7 ^- E" y* ~
1.7 coverage “保险范围,保险项目(险别)”$ C1 R4 S2 C( G0 I! `
例如: We will arrange coverage on your behalf. (代替你方投保)
3 i3 Y6 J, x/ Z. }6 q# N/ J 例如: The loss in question was beyond the coverage granted by us. 9 Y2 J0 u# ~2 z6 A
(损失不在我们承保范围内)
K# ]; }2 H- ^! K9 s2. 句子: Insurance is essentially a contract between two parties, namely 0 b( q" H$ O. O% F0 U" }
the insurer and the insured.句中:( g) U A* O5 W. s
2.1 essentially = necessarily “必要地” 副词+ ~; G3 f7 x4 M U% I
副词的位置: 副词应尽量放在靠近它所修饰的词.方式副词的位置在句中大体有
4 V& ^1 u* Z/ U+ c& K0 f 以下几种情况:6 R9 J7 Y7 B) Z3 H0 d! Q: G) `
(1) 修饰形容词或其他副词时,副词通常放在它们的前面, enough 例外
/ W" ?8 _* V2 k; H 例如: The book is rather difficult for beginners./ m) p; U$ J) s* }0 G
例如: He speaks Chinese very fluently.
# j, m, E: R. _4 x- a3 c (2) 修饰动词时,副词通常放在该动词或动宾结构的后面.# @ Y) K5 a7 @: W# ^: i; E# `
例如: Eve left the room quietly.* o* Z3 @' ~1 g+ e& T# X. D
(3) 修饰整个句子时,副词放在句子前, 常常用逗号分开.
2 q) E8 M" H% h: z; N) \2 D- t 例如: Originally, a freight forwarder was a commission agent.
2 f. v: L5 d4 V (4) 表示确定性程度的副词,如: certainly, obviously, definitely, clearly 等, d! W$ T3 h7 H' X6 s
如果动词是 be 动词,可以放于 be 动词之后, 这些词也可以放于句首) \" v9 E( n$ t/ q
或句尾, 注意后两者位于句首的情况比较少见.6 `( j9 m: S4 U
课文中的例子属于第四种情况., s9 k6 {! e% h; a
2.2 namely = that is 解释“即,就是”1 r! s' M. Q2 ~4 r
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3. 句子:
- ^; Q; k, p. z, w; j- g1 m! | The insurer agrees to meet the financial consequence of certain events, 6 N! k0 w; \9 @1 r. ~* d9 B4 U
within specified limits, that could befall the other party.5 g6 Q5 R% v8 A7 T9 `( f8 Z
3.1 meet the financial consequence of certain events
( D/ x! C) S) q# O4 I, { meet: 在商务范围里,常见的解释有:! j1 X; H: [- J) m8 H
(1) 负担 (责任,费用)0 Q5 ^' M5 ?2 f7 O9 [9 m
例如: We would like to meet all expenses in connection with the 2 d7 a0 n! ?. M d
return of the goods.
: q, c& {# O$ ^/ q+ N 译文: 我们愿意承担退回该批货物的一切费用.# Q8 `2 E/ c2 _- @- n
(2) 满足 (需要)
9 [- A* v) A; G; f2 L/ U6 I4 w 例如: The manufacturers find it impossible to meet the current 8 A. E5 ^6 R/ W5 \8 j- r
demand / your request for this type.
! |. |/ {& T2 I& s" t4 g! B 注意: 横杠的字是经常可能会出现的字词.
& g) B0 K# v0 X/ Q/ Z* u 3.2 consequence 后果
, Y7 ?# j) O% N5 M% p7 u6 { 3.3 certain 某个,某种.
; `: D, m9 D8 o+ V$ D; @6 K 例如: for a certain reason (为了某种理由)/ u6 [& r [1 q) |: Q- t
例如: on certain conditions (附带某种条件)
/ y) I4 s7 L, y) H 3.4 within specified limits 在规定的范围内
- c7 {* X" w% i& X7 l& z 3.5 befall = happen 遭遇,发生(尤其是指不幸的事情)
8 h- b1 l4 a2 J) v% \! S 3.6 本句的主旨是:“保险人承保货物保险以后,对于被保险货物在运输过程中
9 Y1 F+ m1 O6 D6 [! k 发生的承保范围内的损失给予投保人一定的经济补偿.” & }- T. N" j1 l- Q# n- X7 k& s V
字面的意思是:保险公司同意承担发生某些事件的经济后果, 只要这些事件
6 b4 @% s; B' ^% Y" x0 j# b l 是在规定的范围之列, 而这些损失则发生在买方或卖方身上. 这和后文的
2 b4 E' Y4 k; c, M. Z' H, l# }- v 保险公司要收取保费, 买方或卖方同意支付保费成立了因果关联.; w- X8 G$ @, v( q
4. 句子:
$ w1 P; r j3 s The insured agrees to pay the premium, in order to secure the financial
% g. h8 c: x0 D8 |# a! A assistance of the insurer for the risks specified in the contract.句中:0 S# y2 n" ]2 z6 R" Z3 @- m. I
secure = succeed in getting sth. (经过一番努力以后)获得,取得
8 t- U8 F$ Q6 J+ x x. {0 H d" ]8 v4 L) J
进出口商甘愿支付保费的目的是:获得保险公司的经济援助, 保险公司根据合同中$ D. M. r2 p8 h7 k( X# R0 Q( Q% `
约定的具体风险的划分标准, 给予投保人一方补偿.$ K+ y0 U! ]2 x
5. 句子:
O1 \. K- F3 [ k It is essentially a contract between an insurance company or an insurance * c. L, L% k% A" k4 @6 }, Y$ B
broker and the owner of cargo or a representative acting on behalf of the
. @5 y' F2 r5 E# E/ h owner.
+ l& P! o9 v; _ 我们把句子细拆就明白了:' h: Y/ T9 O& i7 N& e/ l
(1) It is essentially a contract between an insurance company and the ' e& o2 j/ _0 P) ~/ [! O
owner of cargo.
R0 F6 P; V2 l7 U 保险公司和货主之间订立的保险合同.
% W, R0 p2 W u: Q (2) It is essentially a contract between an insurance company and a
& z0 O! V" k8 \- X/ x) S representative acting on behalf of the owner. - `+ R# c$ Y# f ~$ q
保险公司和货代之间订立的保险合同.
' `& X- o; W, a+ \, Y' S (3) It is essentially a contract between an insurance broker and the
+ m( l9 @3 p% z owner of cargo.
( n; a/ @; D4 O) S8 w+ P9 H 保险经纪人和货主之间订立的保险合同.! Q; E, k% I* {4 U! r
(4) It is essentially a contract between an insurance broker and a + D; d2 w8 q1 R* f, s" j4 L
representative acting on behalf of the owner.
, Z% c$ G4 v2 ?$ M V" A/ x 保险经纪人和货代之间订立的保险合同.# E. [6 `' {3 Q* V
6. 句子:
/ j U) ~# O: A In view of commercial risks faced by the cargo owner, it is prudent to p: L- ~1 g/ x7 ^: u% V
insure the cargo in transit.2 ]: L' I4 Q$ N: s
6.1 in view of 鉴于,由于 前半句的意思是: 鉴于货主面所将临到的种种商业风险,…
/ V7 l f- w- i( t- o7 [ 6.2 prudent = careful 审慎的,三思而后行的: @ A( i, k* a( w; _3 P7 \. O
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7. 句子:. t# }, i/ Q# _' c( ~; d& N+ ^7 A3 F
It also follows that it becomes an important duty for a responsible
8 D2 x; ~0 m6 |( T* S& L4 g2 k and efficient freight forwarder to advise his clients to insure their cargo
0 @( e6 ] T9 B6 d+ @ or to check with them if he has no such instructions or information
, r' T9 l* z- @ when he is handling goods. + |$ s0 _0 d" R) p3 b* \1 c7 M
这是一句形式宾语的句子,所以,理解的关键在宾语上,我们把宾语简化成:# P! x2 [- u6 b8 y- D+ w2 m
it becomes an important duty to advise his clients to insure their cargo.' [" o+ i; V+ R/ v/ F
或者
$ X5 u: s9 }6 G$ {" z it becomes an important duty to check with them if he has no such
( S. ^ f; A& I3 } instructions or information when he is handling goods.1 i7 z0 |6 H9 K( q
7.1
; {& r1 y0 U( Q it becomes an important duty to advise his clients to insure their cargo.5 H W6 r& O0 I. K% v
= To advise his clients to insure their cargo becomes an important duty.% e$ Z+ d( O- q' I
. R2 P8 n, A* F6 P
意思是:通知他的客户(client)替他们的货物投保是一件很重要的职责.
8 r& ?4 s* M& _- W 我们再补上for a responsible and efficient freight forwarder 一段,8 Q+ ~& @# z3 v/ U8 _/ u
主语就出来了,即:
6 [6 `2 R5 h% v1 j+ M8 y) P% M0 H 对于一个能干的(efficient)并有责任心的(responsible)货运代理来说,…, # i* I$ ~: @3 [+ |, {( U) g0 e: P
同理,
9 m( ?: a# B# }- @ 7.2 2 E$ t4 A* o+ x c( Y
it becomes an important duty to check with them if he has no such
+ v7 A8 L) a2 B0 ? instructions or information when he is handling goods. 0 ?: ^! {7 F4 ]( `7 L/ v
= To check with them if he has no such instructions or information 1 F4 Q) L8 t" `* A# b" B4 [! x
when he is handling goods becomes an important duty.! T3 N! T, H3 i6 V
意思是:当处理货物的时候,如果没有收到客户投保的任何指示或消息的时候,+ `" y3 x* _- m% s) C( d {
要及时告诉客户并与之核对情况.
0 n% i r$ o+ X, \/ ~5 i4 k& { (1) check with them = check with his clients 与…核对
6 W3 G5 A2 m5 c; U; K; m: I- Y (2) handle的解释通常有:* a: ?7 i7 A5 L0 |! T
① 处理,管理: He is handling this problem.! U& y% i. A( B' B3 p$ r
② 买卖,经营: We handle spare parts for motor cars.4 I0 Y$ u0 c2 R7 R% T4 s: r2 v
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