Unit 1: Scope of Freight Forwarding Services- x1 {1 _& X/ p
Unless the consignor(发货人), the person sending goods, or the consignee(收货人), the person receiving goods, wants to attend to any of the procedural and4 K' A# P- K8 l4 {% K1 j) i
documentary formalities himself, it is usually the freight forwarder who ) }3 E- s" ~+ S
undertakes on his behalf to process the movement of goods through the various, T5 I2 y# P2 _8 k2 t. b/ N
stages involved. The freight forwarder may provide these services directly or ! U# f! w, u: ~3 X* Y3 x6 g8 ]
through subcontractors or other agencies employed by him. He is also expected
1 t! p3 Q/ O6 @, _0 o( X! Zto utilize, in this connection, the services of his overseas agents. Briefly,
/ |( m1 x+ c( F4 G# a, K8 G+ mthese services are:
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课文第三自然段, 以后不再出现课文内容.
% T! Z4 C9 ~" ~; u& H, [* X6.1 unless 一句我们可以先简化成: 9 e2 q5 q) i/ m( o Z# \ Q
Unless the consignor wants to attend to formalities himself, …
/ E+ }7 X& o* v0 v# \: P/ ` = If the consignor does not attend to formalities himself, …0 K% Y+ n9 J& F
6.1.1 只有当unless 解释成 “ 如果不 ” 的时候, 它才可以和 if not 互换句型.
1 J1 U$ w; E5 b9 R) A0 C 因此, 我们不能随随便便地把 unless 翻译成 “除非” 或者 “如果不”
8 z3 G5 b. h+ D* ]5 l 6.1.2 attend
& J$ {, |" m6 e* i% V) B2 C, E4 c/ N (1) 及物动词. 解释 “出席, 参加” 例如: attend a meeting
$ O, Y, _; Q% X- @& c3 Y% _1 C (2) 不及物动词, 介词的固定搭配往往是 to. 解释 “注意, 专心, 专注”
9 |0 Q- L# U6 u7 k7 @ 例如: attend to one’s work " r6 Q/ m, e7 `0 O
(3) 其名词形式. attention 例如: pay attention to" M) s) }# H! x/ x
(4) 其形容词形式. attentive 介词的搭配还是 to( P! m. x/ K" j9 R$ ^$ ^+ j
6.1.3 the procedural and documentary formalities" u% n3 c# R n# j
(1) the procedural formalities (程序上的手续)
. ~; j) E5 K* j; E* G$ V procedural 形容词, “程序上的”
" f) h+ a- {1 z* v3 ?5 L procedure 名词, “程序,步骤,过程” , o: d7 c- X7 r$ x8 U
(2) the documentary formalities (单证上的手续)0 X. O* K% U; V/ h7 `
documentary 形容词, “单证上的” 8 A7 }+ N; } Q! k7 G( _. Q4 {
documentary 一词在金融、贸易领域用得比较多, 7 a+ ]* ^! |" P4 ]
例如: documentary draft (跟单汇票)
% R: ^1 g1 Z D( X( @1 W document 名词或动词, “单证, 为......提供单证” - A0 o- V4 K, l1 |
(3) formality (正式的手续, 通常用名词的复数形式表示)' F/ |$ ?: X9 K, G2 |
the customs formalities (海关手续)
# o. l0 M" L$ v" y0 S go through due formalities (经过正式手续)& w U% _( G6 {7 F4 S
句子中其他需要解释的地方还有:) Z; I- o" i7 s# L% U. `5 Z
6.1.4 句末的himself 解释 “亲自”, 有强调主语或突出主语行为的作用. 2 H, i: h2 L0 H5 q" K
我们可以这样理解: 如果发货人或收货人不想自己亲自去办理那些
3 q2 N, |) g: V* F 繁杂手续的话…
# i, r4 h3 t+ u6.2 it is ...... 一句我们可以先简化成: / A7 d. p3 m$ J/ V7 p+ R0 Z
... it is the freight forwarder who undertakes to process the movement 4 T1 o( d# o$ w# S
of goods...1 _+ o ?2 R) C% D q
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6.2.1 it + be + 被强调成分 + that / who ...是强调结构. ^6 P! Q/ ?' ^. C( h3 d1 P9 v+ b
所谓强调结构就是句子当中要特别强调 "被强调成分", 这里特别强调2 q5 I+ n4 h2 b0 n
the freight forwarder, 字面翻译也往往加上 “正是,就是”
; e5 x$ Q+ X/ c, s' j$ H% i 6.2.2 undertake to do sth. = agree to do sth. = promise sb sth. $ @1 T* N {* C3 e; Q! r
6.2.3 process 这里,我们和这个 process 打交道不是头一回了:
% n* I7 X4 d8 x7 e* | (1) process 名词. 2 P: L" d3 C# x7 j$ F& p, M8 g6 b; I, b
process = series of operations deliberately unertaken
O5 X- J; ~" e+ ^2 R7 h; y 例如: distribution process
4 ?1 d q% v# t2 [8 W (2) process 动词.% e3 M8 \) ]% L
process = to prepare and examine in details% D8 M \2 o. v
例如: process the movement of goods
) P5 C. n; j1 ^& y N句子中其他需要解释的地方还有:
7 m$ S" [0 S8 }9 S& e ... through the various stages involved. |, l( W# G2 @% `: J4 h! X+ N
6.2.4 the various stages = a different period / part in a course of action8 @) _: U8 I8 E) w. ^" x" q2 T
6.2.5 involve 在做动词时有许多解释:8 K$ [3 }. J& v2 F
(1) 使...陷入,拖累
0 N# X' t" W4 K) k (2) 包围,笼罩
1 E# n& |4 L7 u. F, O7 t" K (3) 包括,包含,含有: 我以为第三个含义比较符合课文中的意思
- k U4 I1 o) ]# ^6 C5 F7. 句子: ' {7 D! z% v2 q, m2 f
The freight forwarder may provide these services directly or through
- m+ M# q2 r5 Z, |, T subcontractors or other agencies employed by him. 在句子中:( I' f! _/ g0 C% F! p/ D9 U7 H
7.1 我们知道 contract 是合同的意思, 其:" x- S. J7 ~# U v" E
后缀 -or : 执行或做出...的人或物, contractor 是指订约人或承包人.3 O7 A% z( M# S" G5 C
前缀 sub- : sub- 也有很多意思
' F/ n' E/ ~1 l( G# E' c 有"under" 的意思, 我们最熟悉的
. N) Z) s0 |1 E submarine (潜水艇)
/ J4 T3 G8 }( r7 ?* f; N subway(地铁)
5 i- n8 s$ }+ e) `( D* u7 x* [ 有附属的、次要、分、支的意思, 如课文中的4 S& H. G' q) L1 a
subcontract 分包合同, 转包合同(把承包的工作一部分或全部转包, F1 w5 q6 O; I0 }5 R
给第三者而签订的合同)/ {4 V1 ^2 _5 T. b! N5 V; b" X) m
subcontractor 承约人,转包商,次承包者2 K( K8 a. R) [: g+ C9 D
subagent 副代理人$ S/ G6 a' ^0 L' f! n7 X
subcontinent 次大陆
8 M2 Y, V7 a8 M subsonic 亚音速8 Y) }- C0 ^8 c, F. ^1 |7 X- k
subroutine 子程序 , i; q D0 R5 H1 h# l& e' }( v
7.2 关于这个 through :: |, ^' o6 F' u4 f3 k
前句中: ... through the various stages involved.6 D5 z5 Z' q% {% P2 C) w0 B4 p
这个 through = from the beginning to the end of - `+ h; N1 v- T+ u9 t5 O
"自始至终"的意味浓烈 (尤指时间、过程)
4 }' E& K+ A/ r0 f; R' e; Y 本句中: ... through subcontractors or other agencies empolyed by him.- ]4 f9 ~1 q1 H
这个 through 是比较常见的用法, 5 k( h n- G: Q6 V- _
through = by means of / by way of (指方法、手段)" j# Y0 ^& y- s+ O" s. p( X" Y$ |
through = as a result of, because of (指原因、理由), d7 p4 t9 e! k, {/ P' C! P/ E, Q: n
8. 句子: 4 T2 W, q7 h- M' Y! |3 M
He is also expected to utilize, in this connection, the services of his
; x; m* C, k2 g* O& @0 T3 ~- [9 a overseas agents. 在句子中:
, d: ]* d, S0 O- U, y+ V, Y 8.1 utilize = make use of, find a use for 动词. ^/ N& p, k; C
其名词有两个: utility (实用,效用) utilization (利用)$ ~" y- R, h. X+ G- i7 k& X. V
其形容词: utilizable / m7 Y! T+ c }9 ?. ~5 Q7 t
9. 句子: Briefly, these services are: 在句子中:
8 }) l7 `+ k4 v0 v) n* | briefly = shortly, in a few words 是 "简略地说,简概地说" 的意思' z# \* r! s9 P. S3 i" B( x; B
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